Python Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers – OOPs, Coding, SQL, APIs & Django

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language used for web development, Automation, Artificial Intelligence, backend development, data analytics and machine learning. Python is popular because of its simple syntax and beginner-friendly learning curve.

== checks value equality — are the values the same? is checks memory identity — are they the same object in memory?

a = [1, 2]
b = [1, 2]
print(a == b)   # True  (same values)
print(a is b)   # False (different objects in memory)

Exception handling prevents program crashes using try, except, and finally blocks. It allows you to gracefully handle runtime errors.

try:
    print(10 / 0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")
finally:
    print("This always runs")

Mutable objects can be changed after creation. Immutable objects cannot be modified — a new object is created instead.

Method overriding happens when a child class defines its own version of a method that already exists in the parent class. The child class method replaces the parent class method.

class Animal:
    def sound(self):
        return "Animal sound"

class Dog(Animal):
    def sound(self):       # Overrides parent method
        return "Bark"

dog = Dog()
print(dog.sound())        # Output: Bark

Decorators modify the behavior of functions using the @ symbol. They are widely used in Django and FastAPI for route handlers, authentication, and middleware.

def outer(func):
    def inner():
        print("Before function call")
        func()
        print("After function call")
    return inner

@outer
def greet():
    print("Hello!")

greet()

Use Python's slicing operator with a step of -1 to reverse a string in a single line:

s = "Python"
print(s[::-1])   # Output: nohtyP

REST API (Representational State Transfer) allows communication between applications using HTTP methods:

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data format used for communication between APIs and applications. Python's built-in json module makes it easy to work with JSON data.Automation and API knowledge are also useful for students learning the Playwright Automation Testing Course because modern testing frameworks use APIs heavily.

import json

data = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
json_string = json.dumps(data)
print(json_string)   # '{"name": "Alice", "age": 25}'

List comprehension creates lists in a single, concise line. It is more readable and faster than a traditional for loop.

# Traditional for loop
squares = []
for x in range(5):
    squares.append(x * x)

# List comprehension (same result)
squares = [x * x for x in range(5)]
print(squares)   # [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

Generators use the yield keyword to return values one at a time instead of all at once. They help save memory while processing large datasets because they generate values on demand.

def number_generator(n):
    for i in range(n):
        yield i

for num in number_generator(5):
    print(num)   # Prints 0 1 2 3 4 one at a time

GIL stands for Global Interpreter Lock. It allows only one thread to execute Python bytecode at a time, even on multi-core systems. This prevents true parallelism in CPU-bound multi-threaded Python programs. For I/O-bound tasks, multi-threading still provides performance improvements.

JOIN combines data from multiple tables based on a related column.

Typical deployment pipeline for a Python application includes:

• Docker — Containerise the application
• AWS (EC2 / ECS / Lambda) — Cloud hosting
• GitHub Actions — CI/CD pipeline for automated deployment
• Nginx — Reverse proxy and load balancing
• Gunicorn / Uvicorn — WSGI/ASGI server for Django/FastAPI